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Stem cells for tooth engineering.

機(jī)譯:用于牙齒工程的干細(xì)胞。

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摘要

Tooth development results from sequential and reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying neural crest-derived mesenchyme. The generation of dental structures and/or entire teeth in the laboratory depends upon the manipulation of stem cells and requires a synergy of all cellular and molecular events that finally lead to the formation of tooth-specific hard tissues, dentin and enamel. Although mesenchymal stem cells from different origins have been extensively studied in their capacity to form dentin in vitro, information is not yet available concerning the use of epithelial stem cells. The odontogenic potential resides in the oral epithelium and thus epithelial stem cells are necessary for both the initiation of tooth formation and enamel matrix production. This review focuses on the different sources of stem cells that have been used for making teeth in vitro and their relative efficiency. Embryonic, post-natal or even adult stem cells were assessed and proved to possess an enormous regenerative potential, but their application in dental practice is still problematic and limited due to various parameters that are not yet under control such as the high risk of rejection, cell behaviour, long tooth eruption period, appropriate crown morphology and suitable colour. Nevertheless, the development of biological approaches for dental reconstruction using stem cells is promising and remains one of the greatest challenges in the dental field for the years to come.
機(jī)譯:牙齒發(fā)育是由口腔上皮和潛在的神經(jīng)c間充質(zhì)之間的順序和相互相互作用產(chǎn)生的。實(shí)驗(yàn)室中牙齒結(jié)構(gòu)和/或整個牙齒的生成取決于干細(xì)胞的操作,并且需要所有細(xì)胞和分子事件的協(xié)同作用,最終導(dǎo)致牙齒特異性硬組織,牙本質(zhì)和牙釉質(zhì)的形成。盡管已經(jīng)對來自不同來源的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞在體外形成牙本質(zhì)的能力進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,但是關(guān)于上皮干細(xì)胞的使用的信息尚不可用。牙源性潛力存在于口腔上皮中,因此上皮干細(xì)胞對于啟動牙齒形成和搪瓷基質(zhì)生產(chǎn)都是必需的。這篇綜述著重于用于體外制作牙齒的干細(xì)胞的不同來源及其相對效率。對胚胎,出生后甚至成人的干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行了評估,并證明它們具有巨大的再生潛力,但是由于各種參數(shù)尚未得到控制,例如排斥反應(yīng)的高風(fēng)險,它們在牙科實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用仍然存在問題且受到限制。細(xì)胞行為,牙齒萌發(fā)期長,冠的形態(tài)和顏色合適。然而,使用干細(xì)胞進(jìn)行牙齒重建的生物學(xué)方法的發(fā)展是有希望的,并且仍然是未來幾年牙科領(lǐng)域最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一。

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